EXAMPLE 1

The following Example 1 describes synthesis of the compound 2-{4-[(3S)-Piperidin enyl}-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide:

2-{4-[(3S)-Piperidin-3-yl]phenyl}-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide tosylate monohydrate 1

Scheme

1.1 Acylation

2- crystalline

10

A mixture of succinic anhydride 1 (110 g) and bromobenzene (695 mL) was cooled to below 5°C then added A1C1₃ (294 g). The slurry was allowed to warm to RT and then aged until the reaction was complete judged by HPLC. The reaction mixture was then transferred slowly into a cold HC1 solution resulting in the formation of a white precipitate. The white slurry was filtered through a fritted funnel rinsing with H₂0. To the off-white product was added MTBE and extracted with aq. NaOH. The aqueous layer was cooled in an ice bath. Concentrated HC1 was added drop wise to adjust the solution pH to 1 , resulting in the formation of a white slurry. The slurry was collected on a fritted funnel, rinsed with H₂0, and dried under vacuum with a N₂ sweep at RT to give the target compound (265 g, 93% corrected yield) as a white powder.

1.2 Esterification

A mixture of the acid 2 (205 g), IPA (4 L) and cone. H₂S0₄ (2.13 mL / 3.91 g) was heated to a gentle reflux until the reaction was complete judged by HPLC. The solution was then cooled to RT and concentrated to a volume of 350-400 mL. The residue was dissolved in

MTBE (1.2 L), washed with aq. Na₂C0₃ followed by water. After dried over MgS0₄ , the filtrate was solvent-switched into heptane. The slurry was then filtered, and the cake was washed with cold heptane. After drying under vacuum, the target compound (223.5 g, 93% corrected yield) was obtained as a white powder.

1.3 Epoxidation

A mixture of Me₃SOI (230 g) and DMSO (300 mL) was added KOt-Bu (113 g) followed by DMSO (300 mL). The mixture was aged for a further 1.5 hr. In a separate flask, ketone 3 (230 g) was dissolved in a mixture of THF (250 mL) and DMSO (150 mL), and the resulting solution was added drop wise to the ylide solution. The mixture was aged for 2 hr at RT, added hexanes (1 L), and then quenched by the addition of ice-water (600 mL). The layers were cut, and the organic layer was washed with water then with brine. The slightly cloudy yellow organic layer was dried over Na₂S0₄ and filtered through a fritted funnel. Product solution assay was 176.1 g (76%> assay yield). This solution was carried forward into the rearrangement step. 1.4 Epoxide rearrangement and bisulfite formation

5 – not isolated

A solution of crude epoxide 4 (assay 59.5 g) in hexanes was solvent switched into PhMe, and added ZnBr₂ (10.7 g). When the rearrangement was complete judged by HPLC, the slurry was filtered through a fritted funnel. The clear filtrate was washed with 10% aq. NaCl and then stirred with a solution of sodium bisulfite (NaHS0₃, 24.7 g) in H₂0 (140 mL) vigorously at RT for 3 hr. The cloudy aqueous layer was separated and washed with heptanes. By 1H-NMR assay, the aqueous solution contained 71.15 g bisulfite adduct 6 (30.4 wt % solution, 90%) yield from crude epoxide 4). This solution was used directly in the subsequent transaminase step.

1.5 Transaminase DKR

45 C, inert, 40-46 hrs 7

100 g/L as 17.16 wt % aq solution 99.3% ee

85-87% yield

To a cylindrical Labfors reactor was charged pyridoxal-5 -phosphate (1.4 g, 5.66 mmol), 452 ml 0.2 M borate buffer pH 10.5 containing 1M iPrNH₂, 52 g transaminase (SEQ ID NO: 180), and 75 ml DMSO, and the resulting mixture was warmed to 45°C. The pH was controlled at pH 10.5 using 8 M aq iPrNH₂. To this was added dropwise a mixture of 17.16 wt% aq solution of ester bi-sulfite 6 (147.2 g, 353 mmol) and 219 ml DMSO under N₂ atmosphere. When the reaction was complete judged by HPLC, the reaction mixture was cooled and extracted with 1 volume of 3:2 IPA:IPAc. The aq/rag layer was extracted again with 1 volume of 3:7 IPATPAc. The organic layer was washed with brine at pH >9. Assay yield in solution was 78 g (87%); 99.3% ee. After dried over MgS0₄, and filtered through a fritted funnel, the crude solution was concentrated under vacuum flushing with IP Ac to remove IPA. The resulting slurry was concentrated to a final volume of -200 mL, cool to below 0°C, and filtered to collect the solid. The cake was washed with ice-cold IPAc and dried at RT under vacuum to give the desired product (84% corrected yield, 99.3 LCAP) as a white powder. 1.6. Reduction of amide

(S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)piperidine

The lactam 7 can be reduced to form the i eridine 8 as described below:

7 – crystalline

A mixture of lactam 7 (10.25 g at 97.5 wt %) in THF (100 mL) was cooled to < 10°C, and added NaBH₄ (4.47 g). EtOH (6.89 mL) was then added slowly over 20 min. The slurry was aged for an additional 1 hr at 2°C after which BF₃ THF (13.03 mL) was added over 1 hr. The slurry was slowly warmed to RT and aged until complete conversion judged by HPLC. The reaction was then cooled to < 5°C then slowly quenched with MeOH (7.96 mL), added HC1 (9.69 mL), then the reaction was heated to 45°C until decomplexation of product-borane complex was complete, as indicated by LC assay. The reaction was cooled, diluted with IPAc (75 mL) and water (80 mL), and then pH was adjusted with aqueous NH₄OH to pH 8. The organic layer was separated, added 75 mL water, then pH adjusted to 10.5 with 50 wt % NaOH. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine. After solvent-switched to IPAc, LC Assay yield was 9.1g; 95.9%.

1.7 Tosylate salt formation The tosylate salt of the piperidine 8 can be formed as described below:

The crude piperidine 8 free base in IPA was heated to ~40°C. TsOH H₂0 solids was added portion-wise. The slurry was warmed to 50°C and held at that temperature for 2 h, and then slowly cooled to RT and aged overnight. Supernatant concentration was measured to be 2.5 g/ml (free base concentration). The solids were filtered and washed with IP Ac (3×15 mL) and dried at RT. Isolated solides: 14.85 g, 96% corrected isolated yield.

1.8 Boc protection

The piperi ine 8 tosylate salt can be protected as described below:

To a stirred slurry of the tosylate salt of piperidine 8 (25.03 g, 60.6 mmol) in MTBE (375 ml) was added NaOH (aq. 1.0 N, 72.7 ml, 72.7 mmol) at RT. To the mixture, (BOC)₂0 (13.36 ml, 57.6 mmol) was added slowly over 3 min. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4.5 hr at RT, and then the aqueous layer was separated. The MTBE layer was washed with water (100 ml X 2). The organic layer was filtered, and DMAC (100 ml) was added to the filtrate and

concentrated under vacuum. Product assay: 21.86 g, quantitative yield.

1.9 Terf-Butylamide Formation

N-(tert-butyl)- 1 H-indazole-7-carboxamide

10 11

Indazole-7-carboxylic acid 10 (50.3 g, 295 mmol) was dissolved in DMF, and added CDI (59.1 g, 354 mmol) at RT. After 1.5hr, tert-butylamine (62.5 ml, 589 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was warmed to 40 °C until complete

conversion, then cooled to RT. Water (600 ml) was added dropwise causing the mixture to form a thick slurry. Solid was collected by filtration and washed with 10% DMF in water (250 ml) followed by water. The solid was dried under vacuum. Beige solid: 55.31 g, 86%> isolated yield.

1.10 Carbon-Nitrogen Coupling

(S)-tert-butyl 3-(4-(7-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate

A mixture of the protected piperidine 9 (113 g, 18.23 wt%, 60.6 mmol) in DMAc (160 mL), compound 11 (13.82 g, 63.6 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (25.6 g, 182 mmol) was degassed by bubbling nitrogen. To the mixture was added CuBr (0.444 g, 3.03 mmol) and 8- hydroxyquinoline 12 (0.889 g, 6.06 mmol), and the resulting mixture was warmed to 110°C until complete conversion. The reaction mixture was then cooled, filtered through a pad of Celite, and rinsed with DMAc (100 ml). The filtrate was warmed to 35°C and added citric acid aqueous solution (10%) dropwise to form a light green slurry. After cooled to room temperature, the slurry was filtered, and the cake was washed with DMAc/Water (2/1, 150ml) followed by copious amount of water. The solid was dried under vacuum with nitrogen. Net weight: 27.24g. LC assay: 26.77g, 98.3 wt %. Assay yield: 93.6%.

1.11 Double deprotection

To compound 13 (20.0 g, 41.2 mmol) was added MSA (60 ml) and o-xylene (40 ml), and the the reaction mixture was warmed to 40°C until the complete conversion judged by HPLC. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and added water (140 ml) slowly maintaining the temperature < 25°C. When the water addition was completed, the organic layer was removed, and the aq. layer was washed with toluene. The aqueous layer was filtered through a glass funnel, and the filtrate was added an aqueos solution of TsOH (11.77g in 23.5 ml) slowly at RT causing a thick slurry to form. Solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum. The titled compound was obtained as a white powder. Net weight: 20.6 g. LC assay: 20.0 g, 97.3 wt %. Assay yield: 95.2%.

EXAMPLE 2

The following Example 2 describes synthesis of the trifluoromethylacetate salt of compound 2-{4-[(3S)-Piperidin-3-yl]phenyl}-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide:

2.1 Cumylamide Formation

N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)- 1 H-indazole-7-carboxamide

10 1 5

10

To the indazole-7-carboxylic acid 10 (400 mg, 2.47 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (9.9 mL), was sequentially added HATU (1.13 g, 2.96 mmol), DIPEA (2.15 mL, 12.3 mmol), and cumylamine (500 mg, 3.70 mmol) at 50°C. The reaction was stirred overnight before being concentrated and loaded directly onto a silica column, eluting with 10-30% EtOAc/hexane. The product was collected and concentrated to afford the desired product as a colorless solid (557 mg, 81% yield).

2.2 Carbon-Nitrogen Coupling

-butyl 3-(4-(7-((2-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)piperidine- carboxylate

15 16

A sealed vial containing the indazole-7-carboxamide 15 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol), copper(I) iodide (2.6 mg, 0.014 mmol), potassium phosphate tribasic (80 mg, 0.38 mmol), and aryl bromide 9 (73.1 mg, 0.215 mmol) was evacuated and backfilled with argon (x3). Trans-N,N’- dimethylcyclohexane-l,2-diamine (11.3 μΐ,, 0.072 mmol), and toluene (179 μΐ) were then added successively and the sealed vial was heated at 110 °C overnight. The vial was then cooled and toluene (0.30 mL) was added to the slurry. Crude LC/MS indicated >20: 1 selectivity for the desired indazole isomer. The crude product was purified by loading directly onto a Biotage Snap 10G silica column, eluting with 5-50% EtOAc/hexane. The product was collected and concentrated to afford the desired product as a colorless solid (78 mg, 81% yield).

2.3 Double deprotection

(5)-2-(4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl)-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide trifluoromethylacetate salt

16 17

To the piperidine-l-carboxylate 16 (45 mg, 0.084 mmol), was added triethylsilane (267 μί, 1.67 mmol) and TFA (0.965 mL, 12.5 mmol) at 25°C. The reaction was stirred for 4 hours and the reaction was concentrated in vacuo, and purified by mass triggered reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile: water, with 0.1% TFA modifier). Lyphilization gave the desired product as the TFA salt and as a white solid (31 mg, 85% yield). HRMS (ESI) calc’d for Ci₉H₂iN₄0 [M+H]⁺: 321.1710, found 321.1710.

EXAMPLE 3

Following the conditions used in sections 2.1 and 2.2 of Example 2, this Example 3 shows regioselective N2 arylation of compound 9 using various amide protecting groups. The indazole-7-carboxylic acid 10 was reacted with various amines to generate a protected amide.

The amide protecting groups are indicated by the R group in Table 2. The amide coupling yield is provided in Table 2. The Cu-mediated carbon-nitrogen coupling of this indazole to compound 9 was then tested to determine if regioselective N2 arylation was possible. The arylation yield is also provided in Table 2. The data shows that various amide protecting groups on the indazole intermediate are suitable to generate efficient regioselective N2 arylation of compound 9.